Calculations of Samvatsar - Jupiter year

Varah Mihira in his classical work has clearly mentioned that astrologer should be well versed in computation of the commencement and termination times of the 60 yuga year period, the Yuga (5 years Period), a year, a month, a day, Hora (an hour) and also of their respective lords.

षष्टयब्दयुगवर्षमासदिनहोराधिपतीनां प्रतिपत्तिच्छेदवित् 

When Jupiter enters the first quarter of Dhanishtha and at the same time rises after getting eclipsed by Sun, in the month of Magha, Prabhav the first year of his cycle of 60 years comes into being and it will be beneficial to all. 

Lunar month of Magha begins when Sun enters Aquarius (solar Falguna Month), above condition satisfied if Jupiter be in 9^s-23°-21' and the Sun in 10^s-06°-21'

as Jupiter rises at an interval of 13° between his longitude and Sun`s.

यत्रोत्तिष्ठति सहोदयमुपगच्छति येन देवपतिमंत्री
ततसंज्ञम वक्तव्यं वर्ष मासक्रमेणेव

Ascertain the star in which Jupiter rises after conjunction with Sun 

The star/ Nakshtra occupied by Jupiter when he comes out from conjunction with Sun.

The name of that star becomes the name of that Year and succeeding year bear the name of months in their respective regular order. For example if Jupiter re emerges in the star Krittika then that year would be called "Karttika", succeeding years would be Margashirhsa, Pausha etc.

Jupiter years commence from Kartikka and consists of two asterism each beginning with  Krittika and follows in regular manner. however 5, 10, 11 years comprise of 3 asterisms.

In the year 2017 Jupiter rises in the asterism of Swati, so the year will be called Chaitra (If Jupiter rises in Chitra or Swati year is named Chaitra)

विष्णु: सुरेज्यो बलभिद्भुता शास्त्वष्टौत्तरप्रोष्ठपदाधिपश्च
क्रमादयुगेशा: पितृ विश्वसोमशक्रानलाख्याश्विभगा: प्रदिष्टा:

The lord of 12 Yugas (5 year periods) in the cycle of Jupiter are the following in order -1. Vishnu, 2. Jupiter, 3. Indra, 4. Fire, 5. Tavsta (one of the prajapatis/ creators), 6. Ahirbudhanya, 7. The Manes, 8. Vishvedeva (the All gods), 9. Soma (the Moon), 10. Indragni, 11. The Ashvins, 12. Bhaga (the Sun). 

Out of these 12 first four vishnu, Jupiter, Indra, and Fire are the foremost and the best; next four Tavsta, Ahirbudhanya, The Manes and Vishvedev are moderate whereasthe last four The Moon, Indragni, Ashvin and The Sun are the worst.

Vedanga Jyotish approves a Yuga of 5 years

संवत्सरोSग्नि: परिवत्सरोSर्क इदादिक: शीतमयूखमालि

प्रजापतिश्चाप्यनुवत्सर: स्यादीद्वत्सर: शैलसुतापतिश्च||२४||   

 

Names of five year of Jupiter in a lustrum along with their deities are 

1.   Samvatsar (संवत्सर)– Agni

2.   Parisamvatsar (परिवत्सर) – Sun

3.   Idavatsar (इदावत्सर) – Moon

4.   Anuvastar (अनुवत्सर) – Prajapati

5.   Idavavastara (इद्ववत्सर)– Rudra

In the first-year rainfall is equally distributed

In second year rain fall is good in the beginning but not afterwards.

In the third year there is plenty of rain throughout the season.

In the fourth year there is late rains mostly towards the end of season.

In the fifth-year scanty rain fall throughout the rainy season

(Shravana, Bhadrapada, Aswayuja and Kartika are rainy season, even distribution of rains means equal rain in four months)

There are 12 Yugas or five yug periods in a cycle of 60 years and their lord as stated below  

Yuga	Deity	Name of Years	Nature
1 Yuga	Vishnu	Prabhav, Vibhav, Shukal, Pramoda, Prajapati	They are beneficial in the order. In these rulers govern so well that being get rid of all the fears, curses of Kaliage, Subject is content and happy.
2 Yuga	Jupiter	Angiras, Srimukha, Bhava, Yuva and Dhatu	First Three are auspicious and remaining two are moderate. Abundant rain in first three years and people will be free from affliction and fear. In the last two years rains will be equally distributed but there will be outbreak of disease and war.
3 Yuga	Indra	Ishwara, Bahudhanya, Pramathin, Vikrama and Vrisha	First two are auspicious and will bestow thefruit of the golden age on the people. Last two will give plenty of food grains and risk from diseases.
4 Yuga	Fire	Chitrabhanu, Subhanu, Taran, Parthiva, Vyaya	Chitrabhanu is declared best, Subhanu is medium as it brings sickness without mortality, Taran gives rains, Parthiva is declared to give luxuriant crops, and the Vayaya is auspsicous as love reigns supreme and festivities will be the order of the day
5 Yuga	Tavshta	Sarvajit, Sarvadharan, Virodhin, Vikrita and Khara.	All bring about dread, danger except Sarvadharan
6 Yuga	Ahirbudhanya	Nandana, Vijaya, Jaya, Manmatha, and Durmukha	The first three are proitious, Monmath id middleing and the last one will prove the worst of the lot.
7 Yuga	The Manes	Hemlambi, Vilambi, Vikari, Sarvari and Plava	First year will have stormy rains accompanied by the six fold afflictions. Next year crops and rains will be scanty, third year will prove disastrous through floods and fourth year will usher in famine. Last year Plava will prove auspicious.
8 Yuga	Vishvedeva	Sobhkrit, Shubhakrit, Krodhi, Vishwavasu and Prabhav	First two brings joy and contentment ot the people. The third will prove very malefic and the last will be middling. In the fifth year there will be fire, affliction caused by war and disease and the brahmin and kettle will suffer.
9 Yuga	Moon	Plavanga, Keelaka, Saumya, Sadharan and Rodhakrit	Of these Keelaka and Sadharan are good while Plavanga will prove troublesome in many ways t people. In the year Sadharan there will not be much rains and there will be six fold affliction. In the fifth year rains will be unequally distributed but crops will flourish.
10 Yuga	Indragni	Paridhavi, Pramadi, Ananda, Rakshasha, and Anala.	In the year Paridhavi central part of country will suffer and a king will die. There will be dearth of water and troubles from fire. In the year Pramadi people will be lazy, there will be war and red flowers and red seeds will be destroyed. Next Ananda will bring joy to all. Next Rakshasha and Anala will produce a general decay the former will be marked by growth of summer crops and the latter by outbreak of fires and epidemics.
11 Yuga	Ashwins	Pingala, Kalayukta, Siddhartha, Raudra and Durmati	In the first year there will be excessive rains, robbers will increase. People will suffer from asthama, cough followed by shaking of jaws. Year Kalayukta has got many defects and evils while the year Siddhartha is contains many good qualities. In Raudra there will be much suffering and loss. Durmati will have medium rains.
12 yuga	Bhaga	Dundhubhu, Udgari (Rudhirodgari), Raktaksha, Krodha and Kshaya.	Dundhubhi will be marked by the growth of plenty of food grains, in Udgari kings will suffer and rains will also be uneven and irregular. In Raktaksha there will be general danger caused by tusked animals like boar and disease. In Krodha people will become subjected to anger, hatred and kingdome will be devastated through wars. Kshaya brings all kind of loss and destruction, panic among brahmins but agriculture flourish.

-:Anju Anand